1 Department F1, Discipline of Cellular biology and microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
The completion of the sequencing of the human genome in 2001 has made it possible to carry out numerous experiments and research. Research methods are evolving from traditional molecular biology methods to methods in which multiple genes can be analyzed in a single experiment. Microarray technology can achieve the screening of thousands of DNA and protein samples simultaneously. The basic principle of microarrays is hybridization between two DNA strands. This method is widely used in various fields: genomics, proteomics, personalized medicine, vaccine screening, toxin screening, post-translational modifications, molecular diagnostics and drug discovery. In this review, the basic principles of gene expression microarrays, the types and potential applications of this technique are detailed.